I'm sending out your alcohol based copulins tomorrow. I'm really curious why you are not getting effects.
But I'm not just going from experience with these, but by the literature as well, Tisha.
Copulins cause ionic gating of the AMPA receptors. This causes superfast firing of the neurons. This causes the release of NO throughout the body. The effects of NO are increased blood flow, including cerebral blood flow. NO also mediates LH release (along with synaptic integration with GABA receptors), which increases testosterone (and progesterone) production.
The following illustrates how AMPA receptors normally work: http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/ani...ptors.html
Copulins cause the gating of ions (shown in the link above) to increase dramatically, thus causing the rapid polarization and depolarization of the nerve cell. This is the main mechanism of how copulins work. Specifically it is propionic acid, possibly butyric and isobutyric acid that are the effectors. Propionic Acid mimics the effects of glutamate but is specific for AMPA receptors. (See thumbnails below: AMPA on left, Propionic Acid on right... particularly, notice the moeity in yellow of AMPA. This is the main binding moeity of the molecule. You will notice it is identical to the copulin component, propionic acid.)
For more information on how this influences Nitric Oxide production and the effects of Nitric Oxide on the body please look for papers by these researchers: Bhardwaj A; Northington F J; Ichord R N; Hanley D F; Traystman R J; Koehler R C (1997).
For information on how LH production is influenced by NO, please look for papers by these researchers: Rettori V, Kamat A, McCann SM. (1994)
For information regarding synaptic integration of AMPA and GABA receptors under superfast AMPA receptor gating and LH production, see research by: C.B. Robertsa, P. Hemonda and K.J. Sutera, (2008)
Where copulins will have no effects are in cases of kidney disease, diabetes, chronic high blood pressure, or any other disorder where NO production is blocked. These are the same disorder where Viagra and other NO faciliators are not effective.
Without a smell, these are just chemicals that effect neurotransmitter pathways. Since they effect women and men equally the exact same way, how they could possibly impart the signature of a woman or having been with a woman is beyond me. And I've seen no literature that supports that claim. However, what I have recently seen is that propionibacteria on the skin and in the arm pits also produce propionic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid in both women and men (
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/...acterium). So there are more than one route of exposure in the natural world to these copulin components, and possibly others.
The only difference in effects is that LH production in men targets the testicles upregulating testosterone. In women the increased LH targets the ovaries, increasing progesterone production. Everything else is identical.
Diane